Friday, December 27, 2019

What Was Known About The Site Before Its Discovery

†¢ What was known about the site before its discovery? Before the first known recording of Ur by Pietro Della Valle in 1625, there wasn’t much known about the site. It wasn’t until the early 1850’s that it was officially identified as the site of Ur which was due to the discovery of the Ziggurat of Ur by John George Taylor . The remains of the Ziggurat were first described by William Kennett Loftus, a Geologist and archaeologist from Newcastle, in the early 19th century. †¢ How it was discovered and who discovered or rediscovered it. The site of Ur was first recorded in 1625 by Pietro Della Valle . Valle recorded the existence of ancient bricks appearing to be stamped with ancient inscriptions on black marbles thought to be seals. In 1853 until 1854, Ur was first excavated for the first by John George Taylor, as British Consulate who worked on behalf of the British Museum. Taylor conducted this excavation due to orders from the Foreign Office. Taylor’s excavation discovered the remains of the Ziggurat of Ur which was then covered by sand at the time. It was due to Taylor’s discovery of the Ziggurat of Ur that led to the identification of Ur, although remaining parts of the city were still hidden by sand at the time. The official excavation of the City did not begin until 1918 after World War I under the guidance of Reginald C. Thompson along with H.R.H.Hall. This excavation was funded by the British Museum. Excavation ceased a year later in 1919. Excavation later resumed inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer1702 Words   |  7 Pagesgods going directly onto the battlefield to help turn the tide in a battle. The grandeur of these events are indicative of fictional superhero stories rather than fact. However, if you compare the events depicted in the Iliad to historical facts known from Ancient Greece and current scientific evidence, Homer’s Iliad may have a basis in actual history. Homer’s description of the geography of Ancient Greece, his depiction of godly interference, his depiction of war, and the use of technology canRead MoreThe Deep Sea Drilling Project1561 Words   |  7 PagesSea Drilling Project (also known as DSDP) was the first of three international scientific ocean drilling programs that have operated for forty or more years that was designed to investigate the evolution of ocean basins by core drilling ocean sediments and the underlying oceanic crust. On June 24th, 1966, a Prime Contract was signed between the National Science Foundation (also known as NSF) and The Regents at The University of California was signed, this contract was the first phase in the DeepRead MoreThe Omo Site Of Ethiopia, Africa961 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research paper we will be discussing the Omo site in Ethiopia, Africa. Some key points that will be discussed will be its original discovery in 1967, it’s addition research that was completed in 2005, Omo I and II’s updated age (McDougall et al., 2005), and the scientific importance of the discoveries from this site and what it means for idea of the first appearance of the modern human (Fleagle et al., 2008). In 1967 in the Lower Omo Valley near Kibish, Ethiopia along the Omo river, a teamRead MoreControversial Issues in Archaelogy1011 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the field of archaeology is exciting, and the idea of partaking in perilous adventures may seem alluring, the archaeologist was depicted in an incorrect manner. An archaeologist is someone who studies human history through the excavation of sites and the examination of artifacts. Archaeologists study the past to learn more about the lives and cultures of people before. The science of archaeology is a relatively new and quickly growing field; yet, as expected with science, numerous ethical andRead MoreBlack Hills Expedition Of 1874 Essay716 Words   |  3 PagesHills? Many places not only in South Dakota, but around the world are affected by the events of Custer and his company. George Armstrong Custer became well known because of his 1874 expedition, when he discovered gold. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills affected the United States and the world for over the next 100 years after his discovery. Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota mined 43.9 million ounces of gold and 9.78 million ounces of silver that has been used throughout the world (HomestakeRead MoreRevolutionary Germ Theory: The Great Minds Responsible Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease was a huge wake up call for most people. Germ theory was quite possibly the most important part of the revolution of medicine. It informed the people of the existence of germs and the importance of hygiene. There were many revolutions in history. Most were bloody, but the outcome of this revolution was eternal and the stepping-stone of medicine and surgery. Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and Jos eph Lister contributed to the ever-changing germ theory that started many profound discoveries and understandingsRead MoreThe Discovery Of Gold And The Powder River1228 Words   |  5 PagesWith the discovery of gold in the Powder River in the Sumpter Valley, prospectors from all around began their journey into the valley to see if they could make a profit. In 1935, the construction of the Sumpter Valley Dredge was underway, and one of the last gold dredges manufactured to work the river until it’s decommissioning nearly twenty years later. Sticking out from the dredge’s structure is 72 enormous one-ton buckets carrying loose rock back into the interior of the dredge. The SumpterRead MoreArchitects Checklist For Rehabilitating Historic Structures1433 Words   |  6 Pagesare what historical documents are available from the building, such as architectural or engineering drawings of the building or local documents or if the structure presents any bad architectural is sues such as poor design. In Oklahoma in the early May of 1863, a small clash between Confederate and Union forces broke out during the Civil War. Though the first skirmish was small, it led to the precursor of a larger battle that took place nearly three months later on July 1, 1863, later known as theRead MoreThe Human Species1182 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Species was not the only dominant one. Imagine the practice of co-dominance with a similar species. This comparable Species is often referred to as the â€Å"Neanderthal† but is in fact properly named the Neanderthalensis. They were intelligent beings with culture and basic technologies of their time. Contrary to the way that they are portrayed today they were arguably intelligent. The Neanderthals went extinct 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. Although there are still some debates about who these peopleRead MoreNational Park : An Historical Point Of Interest For The Guringai And Darug Nations993 Words   |  4 PagesBerowra Valley National Park: An Historical Point of Interest for the Guringai and Darug Nations. Myself in front of one of the many known rock engraving sites within the Berowra Valley National Park. March 16, 2016. Community Profile Berowra Valley National Park is a particularly important place of historical significance to Berowra’s indigenous and non-indigenous communities. The traditional owners of the land of the Berowra area are the Guringai and Darug people. (Australian Bureau of Statistics

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Mystical School Of Islam - 1196 Words

ABSTRACT The word Sufi is from the Arabic word soof which means wool. These Sufis have a habit of wearing thick, coarse wool. They think by wearing harsh clothing, it is piety. From Sufi, you get tassawwuf; this word is a bid ah, as it is neither in Quran or Sunnah. The words Sufi and tassawwuf are not in the Quran or the Sunnah. Allah (SWT) used tazkia (purification). There are disagreements regarding the origin of this belief among scholars. Some say that Sufism is the mystical school of Islam and had its beginnings in the first centuries following the life of the Prophet Mohammad and others say that they are traced back to the pre-Islamic roots of Sufism through the early Christian mystics of Syria and Egypt, to the Essenes, the ancient Pythagorean orders, and the mystery schools of the Egyptians and Zoroastrians, among others. [2] Keywords; Sufism, Tawassuf, Tazkia, Dhikir, Wahdat al Wajood, Tariqa INTRODUCTION What is Sufism? Sufism is a Muslim movement who seek to discover divine truth and love through encounters with God directly [3]. The rejection of worldly matters such as celibacy and poverty is a major trait of the Sufism. It developed religious practices aiming at strict self-control that enable psychological and mystical insights as well as a loss of self, with the ultimate purpose of mystical union with God. The Sufi movement has various forms of orders. Leaders of these orders train and assist disciples in the mastery of Sufism sShow MoreRelatedIslam : Religious Aspects Of Islam1380 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is a globalize religion that was introduced to the world by a merchant called â€Å"Muhammad† at around 610 in the city of Mecca that is now Saudi Arabia. Followers of Islam call him â€Å"The Prophet Muhammad† because of his vision of this religion that inspired him to preach the revelations of God which spread worldwide after his death in 632. Islam spread at a rapid rate a ll across the world and as far as India and China and was being done by many mean to include commerce and trade. Moreover, IslamRead MoreThe Transformation of Islam and Judaism and the Introduction of Mysticism in the Early Modern World1272 Words   |  5 PagesIslam and Judaism were comparable religions both before and after the early modern era. Jews and Muslims believed in the same God and recognized each other’s prophets. Both even denied the resurrection of Jesus, which was a strong bonding factor in a time of impending Christian dominance. During the early modern period, it was not uncommon for Jews and Muslims to interact with one another. Jews even lived in Muslim lands to flee from Christian prosecution and forced conversion. Jews and Muslims,Read MoreTaking a look at Islam1467 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the pilgrimage (Pilgrimage to Makkah) is made-being one of the Islamic Pillars of faith. (Poling 1980, 152-163) Islamic Denominations There are two main denominations or Schools of Islam: the first being the minority sect of the Shia’ School and the second being the majority sect called the Sunni School. Essentially, after the death of Muhammad (peace be upon him), there had been no appointed heir or successor to lead the Islamic people. The man Abu-Bakr was a close companion of MuhammadRead MoreAl Gazali1257 Words   |  6 PagesPersia and impacted greatly upon the Islamic faith, particularly toward Sunni and Sufi members; they know him as ‘the Proof of Islam’. Al Ghazali provided a positive impact upon the Islamic faith and its million of devotees and still continues to do so today through his many works. Al Ghazali was educated in Tus, Persia, at the Nishapur School as well as at the Nizamayyah School in Baghdad. Here, he excelled in Islamic sciences. In 1095, Al Ghazali experienced a personal crisis and had many questionsRead MorePersonal Statement : The Religious Experience986 Words   |  4 Pagesmundane to the inimitable. The sensation is different. The location is different. The state of mind is different. However, this encounter with the sacred is mentally piercing in the most fascinating, diverse ways. I can be randomly walking around school campus in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and suddenly become engrossed in all the vivid colors of the plants and conscious of the intricate details of being alive. I can be sitting among a huge crowd outside the king’s palace in Fez, Morocco, and unexpectedlyRead MoreSufism1337 Words   |  6 PagesSufism: how did sufism affect Islam and the world ? Sufism Sufism has come to mean a wide range of beliefs that center on the quest for personal enlightenment in the union with God. Sufis are sometimes described as the mystics of Islam, but Sufism fits awkwardly in the categories of religions. Technically Sufism is a denomination of Islam, however there are many Sufis that are not Muslims and there are many Muslims that are reluctant to consider Sufism part of Islam. One of the few conceptsRead MoreEssay about Islam: The Rich Culture of the Middle East936 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion of Islam is the second most popular religion over the entire globe, and follows a strict set of rules derived from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, a messenger of God, or Allah. Founded in 622 C.E. (also known as A.D.) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion that drew inspiration from earlier religions like Christianity and Judaism. It is divided into three different sections- the Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi sects. The Qur†™an is the holy book of Islam, and is consideredRead MoreSpread of Islam in India1409 Words   |  6 Pagesis embedded in India. Even though the major religion of India is Hinduism, and Islam is in the second place of its minor religion still it has the largest Muslim minority all over the world (World Directory of Minorities- Muslim of India). This statistics clearly depicts the successful expansion and establishment of Islam in early period of India even though India was populated with indigenous religious beliefs. Islam is a monotheistic religion that was spread with bunch of beliefs and faiths afterRead MoreThe Naqshbandi And Qadiri Brotherhoods1683 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishments and figures because of their unique ability to disseminate Kurdish propaganda and ideology and mobilize Kurds. Without Islam, Kurdish nationalism never would have been utilized and become such a formidable, active, and persistent force against its Turkish, Persian, Arab, and British opponents . With the spread of religious orders throughout the Kurdistan region, Sufi Islam flourished, thereby creating an environment hospitable to nationalist indoctrination. The Naqshbandi and Qadiri brotherhoodsRead MoreEssay on The Sufi Philosophy in Islamic Faith1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthing I personally found interesting is how this particular sect of Islam isn’t as popularly spoken of like the Sunni and Shia sects of Islam. Some of the most interesting and distinctive differences in this division of Islam is are wool clothing that the Sufi’s wear along with the most popular practice they are known for, the Whirling Dervishes. Yet these faith has many similarities with many other religions and sects of Islam. Sufism though is a purely ascetic faith that also incorporates several

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Marketing for Contemporary Business Organizations -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Contemporary Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction The present business era is the customer era rather than the manufacturer era few tears ago. Thus, in the current business scenario of customer era, marketing plays an important role in helping the organizations in making mark in the market as well as in the mind of the customers (Malthouse et al. 2013). Moreover, gone are the days when marketing refers only to the promotion and advertising of the products to the customers. Currently, marketing involves a more holistic approach by the marketers or the business organizations (Same and Larino 2012). This is due to the reason that, in the present business state of affairs, marketing also involves the social welfare be effectively determining the requirement of the society. Contemporary business organizations are more concentrated to enhance their social reputation and goodwill to assist them in marketing their products in the market. Thus, in the current business scenario, marketing involves the common good for all the associated stakeholders. Moreover, with the increase in the consciousness among the customers regarding the environment, marketers are more relating their marketing activities with sustainability and society (Wood 2012). This report will discuss about the notion that marketing makes a positive contribution to the common good with the help of various organizational examples. Moreover, issues such as ethical, legal and economical in impacting the marketing will also be discussed here in this report. Economic Issues As discussed earlier, contemporary marketing approach involves social welfare and common good. However, in doing so, one of key issues being faced by the marketers is the economical issue. This is due to the reason that, involving the whole society in the marketing activities leads the marketers incurring a good amount of cost, which may reduce the viability of the marketing activities. Contemporary business organizations maintain a certain budget in accordance to their affordability to carry out their marketing activities (Huang 2012). Thus, in this case, if the activities and the stakeholders for the marketing programs get increased then it will have more cost for the business organizations or the marketers. This may lead to the reduction in involving the society and environment in their marketing activities. On the other hand, another economical issue that may be faced by the marketers is the economical status of their marketing area. If the target market is economically weak or poor then the involvement of the society and environment in the marketing activities will have some outcome. However, if the target market is already well developed and there is no need of involving the society then it will reduce the economic viability for the marketers (Aghdaie and Alimardani 2015). Moreover, involving holistic approach will incur more cost in marketing in the developed target market compared to the less developed or developing target market. According to Laczniak and Murphy (2012), the contemporary market scenario is more society oriented compared to firm oriented. Thus, all the business organizations are trying to create a distinctive image among the customers by involving the larger sections from the audience. This is doing good for the society and on the other hand, the organizations are also being benefited from increase in the goodwill and reputation, which helps them to further penetrate in the market. However, according to the authors, contemporary marketers are mainly facing dilemma in deciding between the economical viability and covering a larger sections of society. Social marketing by KIA motors For instance, Kia motor is one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the world having vast product portfolio. Recently they came up with an advertising campaign for one of their hybrid vehicles (Macleod 2017). The approach of their advertisement is oriented towards the environmental degradation and the need for having greener products. Thus, through this advertising campaign, they on the one hand advertised their eco-friendly products to the customers along with aware the customers about the degradation of the environment. This advertisement is one of the prime examples of social marketing covering larger audiences doing good for all the stakeholders. However, in this advertisement, the core marketing objective is to promote their new hybrid vehicles. Now the economical dilemma that they will face is that, though through their marketing campaign they are promoting the need for fighting environmental degradation, but the product that they promoting as a tool to fight environmenta l degradation is quite expensive and beyond the reach of larger part of the society. Thus, the key motive or objective of their marketing campaign may not be fulfilled. Ethical Issues Ethical issues are being also faced by the marketers in making the positive contribution to the common good along with maintaining the environment stewardship. Ethics is one of the key issues that are being emerged in the current business scenario of marketing campaign (Hastings and Domegan 2013). This is due to the reason that, in the present era of competitive market scenario, various allegations are being emerged about the misleading marketing campaigning. Thus, in the case of the social marketing, ethical issues are also being faced by the marketers. One of the key examples of ethical issue is the garnering the customer information by the marketers. Accumulation of the customer data is important for the social marketing due to the reason that, it helps the social marketers in determining the requirement of the customers effectively. However, in determining and collecting the customer data, social marketers are facing ethical dilemmas due to the fact that, gathering the data of th e customers without their consent is the breach to the privacy. Thus, this issue will create obstacle for the marketers to involve and offer products for the larger section of the audiences. Another ethical issue that may be faced by the marketers is the adherence to the varied cultural aspects of the society. This is due to the reason that, in providing positive contribution to the common good, it is important for the marketers to involve all the ethnic groups in the society. However, contradictions may arise from the fact that every ethnic group in the society is having considerations (De Mooij 2013). Thus, it will be difficult for the social marketers to adhere to the distinctive and different considerations in the society in designing their marketing campaign. The particular approach that they will chose may have ethical issues with the other groups in the society. As stated by Charter (2017), greener marketing is the most prominent and popular form of marketing being used and initiated by the social marketers. According to him, initiation of greener marketing campaign helps the marketer to effectively connect with the target audience more accurately. With the help of the greener marketing, customers tend to perceive the particular business organizations as sustainable and reliable, which in turn enhance the goodwill and reputation of the marketers. However, according to him, there are various ethical issues to be faced by the marketers in involving the greener approach. One of the key issues is effectively targeting all the sections in the society with the singular approach. According to the author, initiation of greener marketing campaign may not have the desired impact on the audiences who are not directly impacted from the environment degradation. Social marketing by Budweiser Budweiser is one of the most prominent and leading beer brand in the world. They are also known for initiation of various innovative and distinctive marketing activities. However, in early 2017, they came up with an advertisement featuring the story of their founders background story of being an immigrant in the United States (Fortune 2017). The key motive of this advertisement is to connect with the recent issues regarding the immigration policy in America. However, the advertisement faced ethical issue from various section of the society due to its controversial theme. They faced backlash and calls for boycott of their brand. Thus, it is a prominent example of the ethical issues being faced by marketers in initiating the social marketing. Legal issues Lawsuits and other legal issues are also being faced by the organizations in initiating their social marketing involving different social issues and challenges in the marketing activities. One of the key legal issues being faced by the social marketers is the facing lawsuits for misleading or false campaigning (Graff, Kunkel and Mermin 2012). Various allegations are being made against the marketers that they are involving social issues and challenges in their marketing campaign, which do not have any relation to their products and is confusing the buyers. Thus, in choosing the social issues also, the marketers should also be careful regarding the chance of facing lawsuits. Another key legal issue being faced by them is the breach of the privacy policy of the customers (Richards 2014). As earlier discussed in the above section about the emergence of the ethical issues in gathering the customer information, breach of the customer privacy may also attract lawsuits against the marketers. Thus, it becomes difficult for the marketers to initiate for the social marketing without having the accurate information about the requirement and trend in the market. Moreover, other ethical issues such as not adhering to the diversified cultural differences and considerations of different ethnic groups also cause legal issues for the marketers (Kolah 2012). This is due to the reason that, the ethnic groups being deprived or felt offended by the marketing campaigning of the marketers may attract lawsuits from them. Thus, in order to reduce the probability of attracting lawsuits, marketers have to design their social marketing campaign accordingly. According to Seiders and Petty (2013), social marketers mostly face legal issues in initiation of social marketing in the food and beverages sector. This is due to the reason that, food and beverage sector is the sector where public health is being directly related. Thus, the chance and probability of attracting lawsuits from various stakeholders in the case of misleading campaigning is more in this sector. Moreover, according to the authors, the implication of the legal issues is more compared to other issues for the marketers due to the reason that, government and other regulatory bodies are being involved in the legal case. Thus, it will have more impact on the affecting the goodwill and reputation of the business organizations. Social marketing by Coca cola Coca cola is one of those organizations, which are known for their effective and extensive marketing activities around the world. However, they have also faced various legal issues due to the initiation of misleading or mismatching social marketing activities. Few years ago, Coca cola launched a marketing campaign named Coming Together. This campaign was being launched by them to counter the criticisms against Coca cola of selling high calorie carbonated drinks (Hellmich, 2017). The aim of this campaign was to relate to the global issue of growing obesity due to the inhaling food having high calorie count and to create a social awareness drive against this issue. Though the motive behind the campaign was good and ethical but due to this campaign, Coca cola also faced lawsuits from various NGOs. This is due to the reason that, according to various sources, Coca cola itself is being accused of selling carbonated drinks having high calorie count and quite contradictory they are even cre ating awareness against the emergence of growing obesity among the young population (Hellmich, 2017). Thus, it is creating confusion among the customers and it is being perceived that Coca cola is selling healthy products, which is not the case. Thus, lawsuits are being claimed against them demanding the removal of the campaign, which was later removed. Conclusion Thus, from the above critical analysis of the notion that marketing provides positive contribution to common good, it can be concluded that, initiation of social marketing holds positive value in making differences in the society. It is being discussed in this report that, the initiation of the social marketing by the marketers helps in creating awareness regarding various social issues in the society. However, there are various issues being faced by the marketers in view to their social marketing. Various issues are being discussed in this report and it can be concluded that, legal, economical and social issues are the key originated issues being faced by them. Various live examples are being used in this report, which will help the marketers in identifying the gaps in initiating the social marketing and enhance the effectiveness of their own marketing campaign. Reference Aghdaie, M.H. and Alimardani, M., 2015. Target market selection based on market segment evaluation: a multiple attribute decision making approach. International Journal of Operational Research, 24(3), pp.262-278. Charter, M. ed., 2017. Greener marketing: A responsible approach to business. De Mooij, M., 2013. Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Fortune. (2017). People Want to Boycott Budweiser Over Its Super Bowl Immigration Ad. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2017/02/05/budweiser-super-bowl-commercial-immigration-boycott/ [Accessed 9 Oct. 2017]. Graff, S., Kunkel, D. and Mermin, S.E., 2012. Government can regulate food advertising to children because cognitive research shows that it is inherently misleading. Health Affairs, 31(2), pp.392-398. Hastings, G. and Domegan, C., 2013. Social marketing: From tunes to symphonies. Routledge. Hellmich, N. (2017). Critics attack Coke's anti-obesity ad. [online] USA TODAY. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/01/14/coca-cola-obesity/1832555/ [Accessed 9 Oct. 2017]. Huang, Y.K., 2012. Marketing budget allocation and marketing benefits of traditional media, online advertising, and electronic word-of-mouth. African Journal of Business Management, 6(33), p.9524. Kolah, A., 2012. Essential law for marketers. Laczniak, G.R. and Murphy, P.E., 2012. Stakeholder theory and marketing: Moving from a firm-centric to a societal perspective. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 31(2), pp.284-292. Macleod, D. (2017). Kia Niro Hero's Journey with Melissa McCarthy - The Inspiration Room. [online] The Inspiration Room. Available at: https://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2017/kia-niro-heros-journey-with-melissa-mccarthy/ [Accessed 9 Oct. 2017]. Malthouse, E.C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E. and Zhang, M., 2013. Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.270-280. Richards, N.M., 2014. Why data privacy law is (mostly) constitutional. Wm. Mary L. Rev., 56, p.1501. Same, S. and Larimo, J., 2012, May. Marketing theory: Experience marketing and experiential marketing. In 7th International Scientific Conference Business and Management (pp. 10-11). Seiders, K. and Petty, R.D., 2013, May. Obesity and the role of food marketing: A policy analysis of issues and remedies. American Marketing Association. Wood, M., 2012. Marketing social marketing. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), pp.94-102.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Environmental Problems Essay Example

Environmental Problems Essay This chapter will provide and answer the phenomena that we cannot explain or we cannot understand and will also give proof on how our world is experiencing the different health and environmental problems. A. Review of Related Literature According to the researchers. The Philippines, like other developing countries, has its challenges with morbidity and mortality. Addressing the different health problems each year and the continuous provision for the health care needs has been a goal of the Philippines government. 0 MAY 2013 | GENEVA   WHOs Health Assembly, the worlds largest health policy-making body, opened its 66th Session today in Geneva with around 3000 participants from around the world. Health in the post-2015 agenda, WHO’s budget for 2014-2015, and progress on the Organization’s reform are also on the agenda. In her opening address to the Health Assembly, WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan noted that the world is facing challenging times, including financial crisis, job insecurity, armed conflicts and large numbers of people living on the edge, fearing for their lives. As for Environmental Issues according to many researchers. Recent scientific studies reveal that human activities have contributed significantly to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that causes climate change. The Philippines is a hotspot for climate change disasters particularly the risk for agriculture and food security due to extreme El Nino and severe tropical cyclones. The spread of infectious diseases are influenced by fluctuations in climate variables, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Sever super typhoons like Reming that pummeled the Bicol region in 2006 destroyed at least $90-million worth of agricultural products and infrastructure. Diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, cholera have increased throughout the years. Climate change impacts on coastal zones and marine ecosystems caused massive coral bleaching especially in 1998 due to elevated sea temperature and fish kills and red tides like the one that occurred in 1992 which was an El Nino period. Scientists warned the Philippines could experience famine by 2020, as the adverse impact of global warming takes its toll on natural resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thousands will be displaced from their homes especially in low-lying coastal communities. B. Review of Related Studies According to the entitled article â€Å"Health Study†. The Philippines and other countries is facing 10 of the most common health issues and those are: Pneumonia Increase of cold months in the country caused increase of incidences of pneumonia. Pneumonia involves inflammation of the lungs and leads to hospitalization. Foreigners, especially those from non-tropical regions, are most susceptible to this in the Philippines because they have to adjust to the weather patterns. Diarrhea Diarrhea outbreaks have been consistently on the rise in Philippine soil, especially with the recent aftermath of Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy in local name). Leptospirosis A more recent DOH problem involved the hyper increase of cases of leptopspirosis in the Philippines, particularly in La Union and other flood-stricken areas. The onset of consecutive floods from the string of typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng caused contaminated water to fill the urban and rural areas. Malnutrition Physical, emotional and social factors contribute to this prevalent problem of Filipinos. More underweight than overweight, Filipinos often have to consider societal gaps as a primary factor. The ill distribution of wealth in the country attributes to most Filipinos having less food to eat on their plates. A(H1N1) Flu Virus Scare The AH1N1 flu virus scare really took the wind out of boat sails as it reduced the number of passengers on ships and other transportation modes that involve a lot of people. Notable security measures were heightened in airports and other areas to prevent the outbreak, although the outbreak still happened in Jaen Nueva Ecija, shortly after the first case of AH1N1 has been reported May 2009. Illegal Drug Addiction Many Filipinos continue to fall victim to drug addiction. There are over 3. 5 million habitual drug users in the country, and some of the national scandals in the past have been linked to illegal drug use. The ongoing struggle against illegal drug addiction is an uphill battle. Malaria M Villages in Filipino remote areas are most susceptible to outbreaks of Malaria, and the focus of improvement efforts are all there, locally and internationally. The lack of accessibility and financial resource to get the best medical care is the chief cause of malaria infiltration in the country. Tuberculosis The Philippine coalition against tuberculosis is just one of the many institutions that help alleviate this major Philippine health hazard. For decades, this has been established as one of the country’s leading cause of deaths. Heart Disease/Hypertension A scary health problem, there has been steadily enormous increase in trends of hypertension among Filipinos. Cancer A primary prominent person who recently died of this illness in the Philippines is Corazon Aquino, among many other famous and non-famous individuals. Cancer is often found to be prevalent in urban areas, with better treatment options. But cancer is quite difficult to treat for some cases. For our environmental study according to some articles entitled â€Å"Environmental Problems† Our country and also others are facing the same problems. Recent scientific studies reveal that human activities have contributed significantly to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that causes climate change. The Philippines is a hotspot for climate change disasters particularly the risk for agriculture and food security due to extreme El Nino and severe tropical cyclones. The spread of infectious diseases are influenced by fluctuations in climate variables, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Sever super typhoons like Reming that pummeled the Bicol region in 2006 destroyed at least $90-million worth of agricultural products and infrastructure. Diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, cholera have increased throughout the years. Climate change impacts on coastal zones and marine ecosystems caused massive coral bleaching especially in 1998 due to elevated sea temperature and fish kills and red tides like the one that occurred in 1992 which was an El Nino period. Scientists warned the Philippines could experience famine by 2020, as the adverse impact of global warming takes its toll on natural resources. Thousands will be displaced from their homes especially in low-lying coastal communities. Decline of Natural Resources and Biodiversity The Philippines is suffering from degradation of the natural environment. It has fifty major rivers now polluted due to abuse and neglect. Approximately two-thirds of the countrys original mangroves have been lost. A hundred years ago, the Philippines had close to 22 million hectares of old growth forest. At the start of 2000, we had less than 600,000 hectares of old-growth forest left. In one century, we had cut down close to 97 percent of our original forest. A study by the Environmental Scientists for Social Change (ESSC) reveals that we have systematically cut this forest down and that we have not stopped its destruction and that of its core biodiversity. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) estimates that it takes over 4,000 liters of water to produce one kilo of rice. Because of the loss of forests, we have less water since most of our freshwater comes from watersheds found in forests. Therefore, loss of forests means loss of food. More than 400 plant and animal species found in the Philippines are currently threatened with extinction, including the Philippine eagle, the tamaraw, and the dugong. In 2001, 49 of the nations mammal species, 86 bird species, and 320 plant species were threatened with extinction. Endangered species in the Philippines include the monkey-eating eagle, Philippine tarsier, tamaraw, four species of turtle (green sea, hawksbill, olive ridley, and leatherback), Philippines crocodile, sinarapan, and two species of butterflies. The Cebu warty pig, Panay flying fox, and Chapmans fruit bat have become extinct. Alarming Waste Problem The Philippines is looming with garbage problems despite the passage of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003. 2007 first quarter data from the National Solid Waste Management Commission shows that there are 677 open dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement. About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be set up nationwide. About 1,000 open and controlled dump sites exist in the country. Prominent dumps all over the country can be found in Antipolo and Montalban in Rizal; Baguio City; Calapan, Mindoro Oriental; Carmen, Cagayan de Oro; Mandurriao, Iloilo City; Obando, Bulacan; and San Pedro, Laguna. Environmentalists stress that Republic Act 9003 calls for the adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management and explicitly excludes waste incineration as an ecological option. These polluting disposal facilities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere which adds to global warming. Landfills and open dumps, according to studies, account for 34 percent of human-related methane emissions to the atmosphere, a global warming gas that has 23 times more heat-trapping power than carbon dioxide. These landfills and open dumps are illegal under RA 9003. Incinerators, on the other hand, have significantly higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (per kilowatt) than a coal-fired power plant when all of the carbon coming out of an incinerator stack is measured. Such emissions are banned by the country’s Clean Air Act. Inaction on garbage contributes to the death of at least two persons every minute due to complications from environmental problems, which could be prevented if the country only developed a more efficient environmental management program. Mismanagement of waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of disease. Many of the disposal sites contain infectious material, thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers. Annual waste generation in the Philippines is expected to grow 40 percent by 2010. Improvements in recycling, collection, and disposal will become even more critical as garbage production continues to increase with population growth and economic development. Past efforts to promote waste segregation at source have minimal impact despite the presence of Republic Act 9003. Most of these were barangay, ity, and municipal ordinances providing for sanctions and penalties for non-compliance. Campaigns, seminars, trainings and other different community activities were implemented with the help of various private groups or NGO’s to pursue the objective of solving the garbage problem. RA 9003 further calls for the establishment of materials recovery facilities, or ecology centers, in every barangay or cluster of a barangay. To date, only 1,923 ecology centers exist, serving 2, 133 barangays of a total 41,975 nationwide. In Quezon City alone, only 52 barangays have established Materials Recovery Facilities out of a total of 142. People’s Behavior Toward Waste Behaviour is a key cultural aspect that is embedded in people’s way of life. Studying a community’s behavior and introducing new ones requires intensive, long-term, and creative social marketing. This can be done by studying the demographic and cultural fiber of the community through immersions and capacity building activities. The Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc. s (REECS) 2002 study on household waste management systems and the attitudes and behavior of the communities in two barangays in Metro Manila ( Bennagen, Nepomuceno, Covar, 2002) showed that: 1. Waste management is still perceived by many as the responsibility of government. 2. Public participation in waste management, especially in segregation at source, remains limited. 3. More extensive awareness- raising activities and training on e cological waste management are needed, together with stricter enforcement of the Law and local ordinances must be observed. 4. There is lack of community empowerment and political will to resolve the problem. Recognizing the importance of the environment’s immediate recovery and effects of improper waste management to the Philippines, there is a need for understanding and reformation of attitudes and concern towards the protection of environment. The impending garbage crisis can be prevented if we only practice waste segregation at source, recycling, and composting as what the law requires. An intensive social marketing program has to be established on a long-term scale within a barangay – the smallest unit of the local government.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Before the civil war

Before the civil war, a woman had a specific place in society, one that was extremely inferior to that of men. People had developed notions of what it meant to be a woman. The Civil War changed those notions. The War was the beginning of womans strive for suffrage in America. As the war came to an end, women became more involved in the world, and were allowed to achieve and accomplish a lot of things that only men had done in the past. The attributes of True Womanhood, by which a woman judged herself and was judged by her husband, her neighbors, and society could be divided into four cardinal virtues- piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. (Welter 152). In her work, American Quarterly: The cult of True Womanhood, Barbara Welter explains her view on the role of a woman before the Civil War. In order for a girl to reach true womanhood she would have to reach for perfection in the four above categories. After the war, two of these attributes began to decline greatly in women, as they began to find new roles in society. Women started becoming more independent, and the submissiveness and domesticity gradually started to fade. They still had these qualities, but they were definitely not as strong as they had been before the war. Submission was perhaps the most feminine virtue expected of women. Men were supposed to be religious, although they rarely had time for it, and supposed to be pure, although it came awfully hard to them, but men were the movers, the doers, the actors. Women were the passive, submissive responders. (158-9). Women were very submissive before the war, but after it, they felt that they had earned a new role. They learned to perform the duties formerly only performed by men, and now felt that they did not have to give in so easily to the commands of them. A wife should occupy herself only with domestic affairs-wait till your husba...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The My Lai Massacre of the Vietnam War

The My Lai Massacre of the Vietnam War On March 16, 1968, United States Army troops murdered several hundred Vietnamese civilians at the villages of My Lai and My Khe during the Vietnam War. The victims were mostly elderly men, women and children and all non-combatants. Many were also sexually assaulted, tortured or mutilated in one of the most horrifying atrocities of the entire bloody conflict. The official death toll, according to the US government, was 347, though the Vietnamese government asserts that 504 villagers were massacred. In either case, it took months for U.S. officials to catch wind of the actual events of that day, later filing court-martials against 14 officers present during the massacre yet only convicting the second lieutenant to four months in military prison. What Went Wrong at My Lai? The My Lai Massacre took place early in the Tet Offensive, a major push by the Communist Viet Cong  - National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam  - forces to drive out the South Vietnamese government troops and the U.S. Army. In response, the U.S. Army initiated a program of attacking villages that were suspected of harboring or sympathizing with the Viet Cong. Their mandate was to burn houses, kill off livestock and spoil crops and pollute wells in order to deny food, water and shelter to the V.C. and their sympathizers. The 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the 23rd Infantry Division, Charlie Company, had suffered almost 30 attacks via booby-trap or land mine, resulting in numerous injuries and five deaths. When Charlie Company received its orders to clear out possible V.C. sympathizers in My Lai, Colonel Oran Henderson authorized his officers to go in there aggressively, close with the enemy and wipe them out for good. Whether the soldiers were ordered to kill women and children is a subject of dispute; certainly, they were authorized to kill suspects as well as combatants but by this point in the war Charlie Company evidently suspected all Vietnamese of collaborating - even 1-year-old babies. The Massacre at My Lai When the American troops entered My Lai, they did not find any Viet Cong soldiers or weapons. Nonetheless, the platoon led by Second Lieutenant William Calley began to fire at what they claimed was an enemy position. Soon, Charlie Company was shooting indiscriminately at any person or animal that moved. Villagers who tried to surrender were shot or bayoneted. A large group of people were herded to an irrigation ditch and mowed down with automatic weapons fire. Women were gang-raped, babies shot at point-blank range and some of the corpses had C Company carved into them with bayonets. Reportedly, when one soldier refused to kill the innocents, Lt. Calley took his weapon away and used it to massacre a group of 70 to 80 villagers. After the initial slaughter, the 3rd Platoon went out to conduct a mop-up operation, which meant killing any of the victims who were still moving amongst the piles of dead. The villages were then burned to the ground. The Aftermath of My Lai: Initial reports of the so-called battle at My Lai claimed that 128 Viet Cong and 22 civilians were killed -   General Westmoreland  even congratulated Charlie Company for their work and the Stars and Stripes magazine lauded the attack. Several months later, though, soldiers who had been present at My Lai but refused to take part in the massacre began to blow the whistle on the true nature and scale of the atrocity. Privates Tom Glen and Ron Ridenhour sent letters to their commanding officers, the State Department, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and President Nixon exposing Charlie Companys deeds. In November of 1969, the news media got wind of the My Lai story. Journalist Seymour Hersh conducted extensive interviews with Lt. Calley, and the American public responded with revulsion to the details as they slowly filtered out. In November of 1970, the US Army began court-martial proceedings against 14 officers charged with participating in or covering up the My Lai Massacre. In the end, only Lt. William Calley was convicted and sentenced to life in prison for premeditated murder. Calley would serve only four and a half months in military prison, however. The My Lai Massacre is a chilling reminder of what can happen when soldiers cease to regard their opponents as human. It is one of the worst known atrocities of the war in Vietnam.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Ethical issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical issues - Essay Example onted by Don Marquis in his ‘Future-like-ours argument with regards the morality of abortion, an assertion which was later on opposed by Bonnie Steinbock in his ‘Interest View’ argument. While Marquis argues that abortion is immoral as killing deprives the fetus of its future and Steinbock believes that abortion is not wrong based on the moral status of the unborn and its lack of consciousness, their arguments continue to confound rather than illuminate the morality or immorality of the issue. Marquis contends that abortion is seriously immoral as taking another person’s life, as for instance, an adult’s, as it dispossesses him of his future. This is akin to the killing of a fetus. Marquis asserts that fetuses are in the same category as adults with regards moral value. Thus, the immorality of abortion rests on strong presumptions such as on the dogma that killing is wrong. The concept that killing is brutal and thus, it is wrong does not explain the depravity of the act. For Marquis, what makes killing unacceptable is its consequences on the victim as the loss of one’s life is considered the greatest loss. This loss constitutes loss of activities and gratifications which make up the valuable future of the victim. As death divests a human being of the ‘value of his future,’ the most justifiable reason against killing an adult individual is the consideration of the ‘loss of his future.’ In addition, Marquis argues that other l iving entities and species have similar ‘future’ like our and believes that it is likewise wrong to kill animals. Although he does not support active euthanasia, he admits that killing the ‘very ill or the dying’ cause no wrong. The heart of Marquis’ arguments, however, lies on his contention that killing an infant or fetuses amounts to immorality as they have acquired ‘futures of value.’ As the personhood theory does not put to light the immorality of killing, this notion should be replaced by the idea that